The use of metal in ancient Syria in the manufacture of jewelry (ornamental tools in the third and second millennium BC and the molds used in their manufacture)

Authors

  • Haider Hamidi Musa College of Arts, University of Baghdad
  • Ruwaida Faisal Mosa Al Nawab College of Arts, University of Baghdad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35560/jcofarts1191

Keywords:

metal, ancient Syria, jewelry industry, ornamental tools, moulds

Abstract

 This research sheds light on the use of metal in the manufacture of jewelry, which is represented by ornamental tools in the period between the third and second millennium BC, in addition to the most important molds used in their manufacture. Man has been interested in metals since early ages, and was able to make tools that he uses in his daily life, especially jewelry. And the Syrian people got acquainted with the types of minerals, their characteristics, and how to deal with them. Minerals played an effective and prominent role in the economy of ancient Syria. Trade with those countries and secure their roads.

References

Abu Asi, Alamuddin (2002). The economy of the Kingdom of Mari: the eighteenth century BC - a historical study. Publications of the Ministry of Culture, Damascus

Ahmed, Suhaila Majeed, and Al-Dulaimi- Muhannad Khamis (2020). Metal Industry in the Kingdom of Ebla (3000 BC), Journal of Historical and Civilizational Studies, Volume (11), Issue 1, 78-101.

Al-Rahal, Muhammad Adel (2018). Metal industry and trade in the Kingdom of Ugarit in the modern bronze age between (1400-1200 BC). The General Book Organization, Damascus.

Al-Khatib, Eva Ahmed (2010). Trade in Syria in the Roman period 64 BC - 305 BC, unpublished master's thesis, Damascus University, Faculty of Arts, Damascus.

Amer, Ilanit Hani (2004). Byzantine ornaments and jewelry from the tomb of Khirbet Yajur, unpublished master's thesis, University of Jordan, Graduate Studies, Jordan.

Al-Fakhouri, Muhammad Hayyan (2014). Economic and social life in the Kingdom of Qatana in the second millennium BC. Unpublished master's thesis, Damascus University, Faculty of Arts, Syria.

Annie Kobe (2018). Queen of Ugarit, the origin of the alphabet, tr.: Yamam Bashour, Ministry of Culture, Damascus.

Archi, Alfonso,(2013). ritualization at Ebla, journal ancient, Near eastern religions.

Ayyash, Abdel Qader (1989). The civilization of the Euphrates Valley, the cities of the Euphrates, the Syrian section. Al-Ahali for printing, publishing and distribution, Damascus.

Bahnasi, Afif (2014). Syrian archaeological heritage. The Syrian General Organization for Books - Ministry of Culture, Damascus.

Bezolon, Jacqueline Gachet (2018). The Kingdom of Ugarit, the origin of the alphabet, , Ter: Yamam Bashour, , Ministry of Culture, Damascus.

Continu, C (2001). The Phoenician Civilization, TR: Mahmoud Abd al-Hadi Shaira, Middle East Books Center, Beirut.

Dandrion, Ella - Prevale (2008). Roman, Kingdom of Ugarit, the origin of the alphabet, Ter: Yamam Bashour, Ministry of Culture, Damascus.

.Even, Philip (1958). History of Syria, Lebanon and Palestine. House of Culture, Beirut.

Ghazala, Hodeib Hayawi (2010). Ugarit, the ancient trade center of the world, Studies in the Antiquities of the Arab World, No. (4), 860-887.

Habo Ahmed Erhim (1999). History of the Ancient East, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Hikma Al-Yamani, Sana'a.

Elqim, Ali (1997). Women in the ancient Levantine civilization, Al-Ahaly Library, Cairo.

Fortan, Michelle (2011). Syria is the land of civilizations. Publications of the Ministry of Culture, Damascus

Jasim, Israa Abbas (2003). The Kingdom of Ebla and its Relationship with Mesopotamia, an unpublished master's thesis. Baghdad University, College of Arts, Baghdad

Lappa, Lawrence Malbaran (2018). Ugarbet is the origin of the alphabet, tr.: Yamam Bashour, Ministry of Culture, Damascus.

Marchingi, Sophie (2018) The Kingdom of Ugarit, the Origin of the Alphabet, Ter: Yamam Bashour, Ministry of Culture, Damascus.

Malle, Joel and Paleri, Mattu Ayan (2018). The house located near the temple. TR: Yamam Bashour, Ministry of Culture, Damascus.

Mohsen, Lina (2019). The influence of the Syrian civilization on the Egyptian civilization in the era of the modern state. The Syrian General Organization for Books, Damascus.

Mari, Eid, (2015). History of the Kingdom of Ebla and its effects. Publications of the Syrian General Authority, Damascus.

Yassin, Khair Nimr (1991). Southern Levant: Its History and Antiquities in the Bronze Ages. Publications of the Jordan History Commission, Amman.

Payne, Elizabeth (2007). the crafts men of neo– Babylonian period: a study of the textile and metal workers of the Eanna temple, yale university.

Stol, marten, woman in the ancient near east , Berlin :De Gryter ,2016.

Yon, Marguerite (2006). the city of Ugarit at tell Ras shamra, London : Winona Lake.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-15

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

The use of metal in ancient Syria in the manufacture of jewelry (ornamental tools in the third and second millennium BC and the molds used in their manufacture). (2023). Al-Academy , 110, 51-68. https://doi.org/10.35560/jcofarts1191

Publication Dates

Similar Articles

11-20 of 161

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.